Spearfishing in Key West: Complete Guide to Charters, Spots & Regulations
Key West and the Florida Keys offer some of the best spearfishing in the continental United States. Crystal-clear waters, abundant reef systems, and a diverse array of target species make this a world-class destination for both freediving spearfishers and those using scuba.
Whether you're a seasoned spearo or looking to try it for the first time, here's everything you need to know about spearfishing in Key West.
Why Key West is a Spearfishing Paradise
The Florida Keys sit at the edge of the Gulf Stream, where warm Caribbean waters bring nutrient-rich currents that support an incredible ecosystem. The result is exceptional visibility (often 60-100+ feet) and a diverse population of fish species.
Key West's unique geography means you can spearfish shallow patch reefs in the morning and drift hunt over deeper wrecks in the afternoon — all within a short boat ride from the harbor.
Target Species in Key West
Hogfish
The crown jewel of Florida Keys spearfishing. Hogfish are prized for their sweet, delicate meat and are notoriously difficult to approach. They're found around hard bottom and reef structures in 15-60 feet of water. Peak season runs from October through April when the water cools slightly.
Grouper
Black grouper, red grouper, and gag grouper are all found in Key West waters. These reef-dwelling predators require patience and good shot placement. Check current regulations as seasons and size limits are strictly enforced.
Snapper
Mangrove snapper and mutton snapper are abundant around structures and wrecks. Yellowtail snapper school in large numbers but are more challenging to approach underwater.
Cobia
Often spotted following rays or sharks, cobia are a thrilling target for spearfishers. They're curious fish and will sometimes approach divers, making them an exciting species to hunt.
Lobster
While technically not spearfishing, lobster hunting goes hand-in-hand with diving in the Keys. Mini-season (late July) and regular season (August through March) draw thousands of divers to the area.
🎯 Pro Tip: Freediving vs. Scuba
Many experienced spearfishers prefer freediving because it's quieter and doesn't produce bubbles that spook fish. However, scuba allows you to spend more time at depth and is often better for beginners. Most Key West charters can accommodate both styles.
Best Spearfishing Spots Near Key West
The Patch Reefs
Scattered throughout the backcountry, these shallow (10-25 foot) reef systems are perfect for hogfish and snapper. They're accessible, forgiving for beginners, and often hold surprising amounts of fish.
Western Dry Rocks
A popular reef about 5 miles southwest of Key West. Good for grouper and snapper, with depths ranging from 15-35 feet.
The Wrecks
Numerous artificial reefs and shipwrecks dot the waters around Key West. These structures attract large grouper, cobia, and amberjack. Depths typically range from 60-120 feet.
The Gulf Side
The shallower Gulf of Mexico side offers different terrain — grass flats, hard bottom, and scattered coral heads. Excellent for hogfish and permit.
Florida Spearfishing Regulations
Florida has specific regulations for spearfishing that you must follow. Violations can result in hefty fines and loss of equipment.
⚠️ Critical Rules
Spearfishing is prohibited within the boundaries of John Pennekamp Coral Reef State Park and the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary's Sanctuary Preservation Areas (SPAs). Always verify your location before diving.
Key Regulations:
- License required: Florida saltwater fishing license (available online)
- No spearing: Reef fish like parrotfish, angelfish, and porcupinefish are prohibited
- No powerheads: Explosive-powered spearguns are illegal in Florida
- Lobster gear: You need a separate lobster stamp during lobster season
- Bag limits: Vary by species — check FWC regulations
- Size limits: Strictly enforced — carry a measuring device
- Dive flag required: Display a diver-down flag when in the water
Spearfishing Charters in Key West
Unless you have your own boat and extensive local knowledge, booking a charter is the best way to spearfish Key West. A good captain will put you on productive spots, know the regulations inside and out, and ensure a safe trip.
What to Look for in a Charter:
- Captain with local spearfishing experience (not just fishing)
- Proper safety equipment and oxygen on board
- Gear rental if you don't have your own
- Flexibility for both freediving and scuba
- Fish cleaning and ice included
Expect to pay $500-800 for a half-day private charter, or $150-250 per person for a shared trip. Full-day charters run $800-1,200+ for private boats.
Gear Recommendations
For Beginners:
- Pole spear or small band speargun (90-100cm)
- Mask, snorkel, and fins (long blade preferred)
- Weight belt
- Gloves
- Dive knife
- Float line and dive flag
For Experienced Divers:
- Mid-length speargun (110-130cm) for reef hunting
- Carbon fiber fins for efficient propulsion
- Low-volume mask
- 3mm wetsuit (water temps 72-84°F)
- Reel gun for larger pelagics
Best Time to Spearfish Key West
Spearfishing is productive year-round, but conditions vary:
- October - April: Best overall. Cooler water brings hogfish inshore, visibility is excellent, and seas are generally calmer.
- May - September: Warmer water means more fish activity but potentially rougher conditions. Hurricane season runs June through November.
- Lobster Mini-Season: Last Wednesday and Thursday of July — incredibly popular, plan well ahead.
Safety Considerations
Spearfishing carries inherent risks. Keep these safety points in mind:
- Never dive alone — always use the buddy system
- Know your limits — shallow water blackout is a real danger for freedivers
- Watch for boat traffic — always display a dive flag
- Be aware of sharks — they're attracted to speared fish
- Stay hydrated — the Florida sun is intense
- Check conditions — don't push it in rough weather
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